Studies & Literatur
1. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2004;27 Suppl 1:S5–S10.
2. American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the US in 2002. Diabetes Care 2003;26:917–32.
3. Bartnik M, Ryden L, Ferrari R, et al. The prevalence of abnormal glucose regulation in patients with coronary artery disease across Europe. The Euro Heart Survey on diabetes and the heart. Eur Heart J 2004;25:1880–90.
4. Borch-Johnsen K, Colagiuri S, Balkau B, et al. Creating a pandemic of prediabetes: the proposed new diagnostic criteria for impaired fasting glycaemia. Diabetologia 2004;47:1396–402.
5. Brownlee M. A radical explanation for glucose-induced beta cell dysfunction. J Clin Invest 2003;112:1788–90.
6. Caro JJ, Getsios D, Caro I, Klittich WS, O'Brien JA. Economic evaluation of therapeutic interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes in Canada. Diabet Med 2004;21:1229–36.
7. Caro JJ, Ward AJ, O'Brien JA. Lifetime costs of complications resulting from type 2 diabetes in the US. Diabetes Care 2002;25:476–81.
8. Ceriello A. New insights on oxidative stress and diabetic complications may lead to a ‘Causal’ antioxidant therapy. Diabetes Care 2003;26:1589–96.
9. Ceriello A, Bortolotti N, Motz E, et al. Meal-induced oxidative stress and low-density lipoprotein oxidation in diabetes: the possible role of hyperglycemia. Metabolism 1999;48:1503-8.
10. Ceriello A, Cavarape A, Martinelli L, et al. The post-prandial state in Type 2 diabetes and endothelial dysfunction: effects of insulin aspart. Diabet Med 2004;21:171–5.
11. Ceriello A, Quagliaro L, Catone B, et al. Role of hyperglycemia in nitrotyrosine postprandial generation. Diabetes Care 2002;25: 1439–43.
12. Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Gomis R, Hanefeld M, Karasik A, Laakso M. Acarbose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the STOPNIDDM randomised trial. Lancet 2002;359:2072–7.
13. Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Gomis R, Hanefeld M, Karasik A, Laakso M. Acarbose treatment and the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOPNIDDM trial. JAMA 2003;290:486–94.
14. Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Leiter LA, et al. The effect of acarbose on insulin sensitivity in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 1996;19:1190–3.
15. Clarke P, Gray A, Adler A, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin in overweight patients with type II diabetes (UKPDS No. 51). Diabetologia 2001;44:298–304.
16. Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J 2003;24:987–1003.
17. DECODE Study Group. Is fasting glucose sufficient to define diabetes? Epidemiological data from 20 European studies. Diabetologia 1999;42:647–54.
18. Gray A, Raikou M, McGuire A, et al. Cost effectiveness of an intensive blood glucose control policy in patients with type 2 diabetes: economic analysis alongside randomised controlled trial (UKPDS 41). United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group. BMJ 2000;320:1373–8.
19. Hanefeld M, Cagatay M, Petrowitsch T, Neuser D, Petzinna D, Rupp M. Acarbose reduces the risk for myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetic patients: meta-analysis of seven long-term studies. Eur Heart J 2004;25:10–16.
20. Hanefeld M, Chiasson JL, Koehler C, Henkel E, Schaper F, Temelkova-Kurktschiev T. Acarbose slows progression of intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Stroke 2004;35:1073–8.
21. Hu G, Qiao Q, Tuomilehto J, Balkau B, Borch-Johnsen K, Pyorala K. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in nondiabetic European men and women. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1066–76.
22. Kawano H, Motoyama T, Hirashima O, et al. Hyperglycemia rapidly suppresses flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation of brachial artery. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:146–54.
23. Krauss S, Zhang CY, Scorrano L, et al. Superoxide-mediated activation of uncoupling protein 2 causes pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. J Clin Invest 2003;112:1831–42.
24. Laaksonen DE, Lakka HM, Niskanen LK, Kaplan GA, Salonen JT, Lakka TA. Metabolic syndrome and development of diabetes mellitus: application and validation of recently suggested definitions of the metabolic syndrome in a prospective cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:1070–7.
25. Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, et al. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middleaged men. JAMA 2002; 288:2709–16.
26. Liebl A, Lüddeke H, Chiasson J, Kotowa W, Maclaine G, Evers T. Is acarbose treatment in persons with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) cost saving for the German health care system? [Abstract]. Prediabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome Congress; Berlin, Germany; 13–16 April 2005.
27. Meneilly GS, Ryan EA, Radziuk J, et al. Effect of acarbose on insulin sensitivity in elderly patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23:1162–7.
28. Mertes G. Safety and efficacy of acarbose in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: data from a 5-year surveillance study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2001;52:193–204.
29. NCEP. Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Circulation 2002;106:3143–421.
30. O'Brien JA, Patrick AR, Caro JJ. Cost of managing complications resulting from type 2 diabetes mellitus in Canada. BMC Health Serv Res 2003;3:7.
31. Palmer AJ, Roze S, Valentine WJ, Spinas GA, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ. Intensive lifestyle changes or metformin in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: modeling the long-term health economic implications of the diabetes prevention program in Australia, France, Germany, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Clin Ther 2004;26:304–21.
32. Paolisso G, Giugliano D, Pizza G, et al. Glutathione infusion potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion in aged patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 1992;15:1–7.
33. Paolisso G, D'Amore A, Balbi V, et al. Plasma vitamin C affects glucose homeostasis in healthy subjects and in non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Am J Physiol 1994;266:E261–8.
34. Sakai K, Matsumoto K, Nishikawa T, et al. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species reduce insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003;300:216–22.
35. Sakuraba H, Mizukami H, Yagihashi N, Wada R, Hanyu C, Yagihashi S. Reduced beta-cell mass and expression of oxidative stress-related DNA damage in the islet of Japanese Type II diabetic patients. Diabetologia 2002;45:85–96.
36. Stern MP. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The "common soil" hypothesis. Diabetes 1995;44:369–74.
37. Szabo C, Zanchi A, Komjati K, et al. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is activated in subjects at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and is associated with impaired vascular reactivity. Circulation 2002;106: 2680–6.
38. Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J. Finnish Diabetes Association type 2 diabetes risk test. 2001. Available at http://www.diabetes.fi.
39. Tuomilehto J, Peltonen M, Qiao Q, et al. A simple tool to predict the risk of diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular events in patients with impaired glucose tolerance based on the STOP-NIDDM trial [Abstract]. Prediabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome Congress; Berlin, Germany; 13–16 April 2005.
40. Tuomilehto J, Peltonen M, Qiao Q, et al. A simple tool to predict the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus based on the acarbose meta-analysis (MeRIA) [Abstract]. Prediabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome Congress; Berlin, Germany; 13–16 April 2005.
41. Unwin N, Shaw J, Zimmet P, Alberti G. Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glycaemia: the current status on definition and intervention. Diabetic Medicine 2002;19:708–23.
42. Van de Laar F, Lucassen P, Akkermans R, Van de Lisdonk E, Rutten G, Van Weel C. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2005;28:166–75.
43. Wascher T, Schmolzer I, Stuehlinger M, Wiegratz A, Enderle M. Hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction in patients with impaired glucose tolerance is prevented by acarbose [Abstract 3020]. European Society of Cardiology Congress 2004.
44. World Health Organization. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Geneva, 1999. Available at www.staff.newcastle.ac.uk/philip.home/who_dmg.pdf.
45. Zeymer U, Schwarzmaier-D'Assie A, Petzinna D, Chiasson J. Acarbose reduces silent myocardial infarction in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Results of the randomized STOP-NIDDM ECG substudy [Abstract 120]. Annual Meeting of the EASD 2004.
2. American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the US in 2002. Diabetes Care 2003;26:917–32.
3. Bartnik M, Ryden L, Ferrari R, et al. The prevalence of abnormal glucose regulation in patients with coronary artery disease across Europe. The Euro Heart Survey on diabetes and the heart. Eur Heart J 2004;25:1880–90.
4. Borch-Johnsen K, Colagiuri S, Balkau B, et al. Creating a pandemic of prediabetes: the proposed new diagnostic criteria for impaired fasting glycaemia. Diabetologia 2004;47:1396–402.
5. Brownlee M. A radical explanation for glucose-induced beta cell dysfunction. J Clin Invest 2003;112:1788–90.
6. Caro JJ, Getsios D, Caro I, Klittich WS, O'Brien JA. Economic evaluation of therapeutic interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes in Canada. Diabet Med 2004;21:1229–36.
7. Caro JJ, Ward AJ, O'Brien JA. Lifetime costs of complications resulting from type 2 diabetes in the US. Diabetes Care 2002;25:476–81.
8. Ceriello A. New insights on oxidative stress and diabetic complications may lead to a ‘Causal’ antioxidant therapy. Diabetes Care 2003;26:1589–96.
9. Ceriello A, Bortolotti N, Motz E, et al. Meal-induced oxidative stress and low-density lipoprotein oxidation in diabetes: the possible role of hyperglycemia. Metabolism 1999;48:1503-8.
10. Ceriello A, Cavarape A, Martinelli L, et al. The post-prandial state in Type 2 diabetes and endothelial dysfunction: effects of insulin aspart. Diabet Med 2004;21:171–5.
11. Ceriello A, Quagliaro L, Catone B, et al. Role of hyperglycemia in nitrotyrosine postprandial generation. Diabetes Care 2002;25: 1439–43.
12. Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Gomis R, Hanefeld M, Karasik A, Laakso M. Acarbose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the STOPNIDDM randomised trial. Lancet 2002;359:2072–7.
13. Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Gomis R, Hanefeld M, Karasik A, Laakso M. Acarbose treatment and the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOPNIDDM trial. JAMA 2003;290:486–94.
14. Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Leiter LA, et al. The effect of acarbose on insulin sensitivity in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 1996;19:1190–3.
15. Clarke P, Gray A, Adler A, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin in overweight patients with type II diabetes (UKPDS No. 51). Diabetologia 2001;44:298–304.
16. Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J 2003;24:987–1003.
17. DECODE Study Group. Is fasting glucose sufficient to define diabetes? Epidemiological data from 20 European studies. Diabetologia 1999;42:647–54.
18. Gray A, Raikou M, McGuire A, et al. Cost effectiveness of an intensive blood glucose control policy in patients with type 2 diabetes: economic analysis alongside randomised controlled trial (UKPDS 41). United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group. BMJ 2000;320:1373–8.
19. Hanefeld M, Cagatay M, Petrowitsch T, Neuser D, Petzinna D, Rupp M. Acarbose reduces the risk for myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetic patients: meta-analysis of seven long-term studies. Eur Heart J 2004;25:10–16.
20. Hanefeld M, Chiasson JL, Koehler C, Henkel E, Schaper F, Temelkova-Kurktschiev T. Acarbose slows progression of intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Stroke 2004;35:1073–8.
21. Hu G, Qiao Q, Tuomilehto J, Balkau B, Borch-Johnsen K, Pyorala K. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in nondiabetic European men and women. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1066–76.
22. Kawano H, Motoyama T, Hirashima O, et al. Hyperglycemia rapidly suppresses flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation of brachial artery. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:146–54.
23. Krauss S, Zhang CY, Scorrano L, et al. Superoxide-mediated activation of uncoupling protein 2 causes pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. J Clin Invest 2003;112:1831–42.
24. Laaksonen DE, Lakka HM, Niskanen LK, Kaplan GA, Salonen JT, Lakka TA. Metabolic syndrome and development of diabetes mellitus: application and validation of recently suggested definitions of the metabolic syndrome in a prospective cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:1070–7.
25. Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, et al. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middleaged men. JAMA 2002; 288:2709–16.
26. Liebl A, Lüddeke H, Chiasson J, Kotowa W, Maclaine G, Evers T. Is acarbose treatment in persons with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) cost saving for the German health care system? [Abstract]. Prediabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome Congress; Berlin, Germany; 13–16 April 2005.
27. Meneilly GS, Ryan EA, Radziuk J, et al. Effect of acarbose on insulin sensitivity in elderly patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23:1162–7.
28. Mertes G. Safety and efficacy of acarbose in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: data from a 5-year surveillance study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2001;52:193–204.
29. NCEP. Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Circulation 2002;106:3143–421.
30. O'Brien JA, Patrick AR, Caro JJ. Cost of managing complications resulting from type 2 diabetes mellitus in Canada. BMC Health Serv Res 2003;3:7.
31. Palmer AJ, Roze S, Valentine WJ, Spinas GA, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ. Intensive lifestyle changes or metformin in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: modeling the long-term health economic implications of the diabetes prevention program in Australia, France, Germany, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Clin Ther 2004;26:304–21.
32. Paolisso G, Giugliano D, Pizza G, et al. Glutathione infusion potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion in aged patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 1992;15:1–7.
33. Paolisso G, D'Amore A, Balbi V, et al. Plasma vitamin C affects glucose homeostasis in healthy subjects and in non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Am J Physiol 1994;266:E261–8.
34. Sakai K, Matsumoto K, Nishikawa T, et al. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species reduce insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003;300:216–22.
35. Sakuraba H, Mizukami H, Yagihashi N, Wada R, Hanyu C, Yagihashi S. Reduced beta-cell mass and expression of oxidative stress-related DNA damage in the islet of Japanese Type II diabetic patients. Diabetologia 2002;45:85–96.
36. Stern MP. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The "common soil" hypothesis. Diabetes 1995;44:369–74.
37. Szabo C, Zanchi A, Komjati K, et al. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is activated in subjects at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and is associated with impaired vascular reactivity. Circulation 2002;106: 2680–6.
38. Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J. Finnish Diabetes Association type 2 diabetes risk test. 2001. Available at http://www.diabetes.fi.
39. Tuomilehto J, Peltonen M, Qiao Q, et al. A simple tool to predict the risk of diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular events in patients with impaired glucose tolerance based on the STOP-NIDDM trial [Abstract]. Prediabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome Congress; Berlin, Germany; 13–16 April 2005.
40. Tuomilehto J, Peltonen M, Qiao Q, et al. A simple tool to predict the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus based on the acarbose meta-analysis (MeRIA) [Abstract]. Prediabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome Congress; Berlin, Germany; 13–16 April 2005.
41. Unwin N, Shaw J, Zimmet P, Alberti G. Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glycaemia: the current status on definition and intervention. Diabetic Medicine 2002;19:708–23.
42. Van de Laar F, Lucassen P, Akkermans R, Van de Lisdonk E, Rutten G, Van Weel C. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2005;28:166–75.
43. Wascher T, Schmolzer I, Stuehlinger M, Wiegratz A, Enderle M. Hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction in patients with impaired glucose tolerance is prevented by acarbose [Abstract 3020]. European Society of Cardiology Congress 2004.
44. World Health Organization. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Geneva, 1999. Available at www.staff.newcastle.ac.uk/philip.home/who_dmg.pdf.
45. Zeymer U, Schwarzmaier-D'Assie A, Petzinna D, Chiasson J. Acarbose reduces silent myocardial infarction in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Results of the randomized STOP-NIDDM ECG substudy [Abstract 120]. Annual Meeting of the EASD 2004.
